/*
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Copyright © 2020 Charles Giessen (charles@lunarg.com)
 */

#pragma once

#include <cassert>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <system_error>
#include <vector>

#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>

#include "VkBootstrapDispatch.h"

#ifdef VK_MAKE_API_VERSION
#define VKB_MAKE_VK_VERSION(variant, major, minor, patch) \
  VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(variant, major, minor, patch)
#elif defined(VK_MAKE_VERSION)
#define VKB_MAKE_VK_VERSION(variant, major, minor, patch) \
  VK_MAKE_VERSION(major, minor, patch)
#endif

#if defined(VK_API_VERSION_1_3) || defined(VK_VERSION_1_3)
#define VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_3 VKB_MAKE_VK_VERSION(0, 1, 3, 0)
#endif

#if defined(VK_API_VERSION_1_2) || defined(VK_VERSION_1_2)
#define VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_2 VKB_MAKE_VK_VERSION(0, 1, 2, 0)
#endif

#if defined(VK_API_VERSION_1_1) || defined(VK_VERSION_1_1)
#define VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_1 VKB_MAKE_VK_VERSION(0, 1, 1, 0)
#endif

#if defined(VK_API_VERSION_1_0) || defined(VK_VERSION_1_0)
#define VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0 VKB_MAKE_VK_VERSION(0, 1, 0, 0)
#endif

namespace vkb {

struct Error {
  std::error_code type;
  VkResult vk_result =
      VK_SUCCESS;  // optional error value if a vulkan call failed
};

template <typename T>
class Result {
 public:
  Result(const T& value) noexcept : m_value{value}, m_init{true} {}

  Result(T&& value) noexcept : m_value{std::move(value)}, m_init{true} {}

  Result(Error error) noexcept : m_error{error}, m_init{false} {}

  Result(std::error_code error_code, VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS) noexcept
      : m_error{error_code, result}, m_init{false} {}

  ~Result() noexcept { destroy(); }

  Result(Result const& expected) noexcept : m_init(expected.m_init) {
    if (m_init)
      new (&m_value) T{expected.m_value};
    else
      m_error = expected.m_error;
  }

  Result& operator=(Result const& result) noexcept {
    m_init = result.m_init;
    if (m_init)
      new (&m_value) T{result.m_value};
    else
      m_error = result.m_error;
  }

  Result(Result&& expected) noexcept : m_init(expected.m_init) {
    if (m_init)
      new (&m_value) T{std::move(expected.m_value)};
    else
      m_error = std::move(expected.m_error);
    expected.destroy();
  }

  Result& operator=(Result&& result) noexcept {
    m_init = result.m_init;
    if (m_init)
      new (&m_value) T{std::move(result.m_value)};
    else
      m_error = std::move(result.m_error);
  }

  Result& operator=(const T& expect) noexcept {
    destroy();
    m_init = true;
    new (&m_value) T{expect};
    return *this;
  }

  Result& operator=(T&& expect) noexcept {
    destroy();
    m_init = true;
    new (&m_value) T{std::move(expect)};
    return *this;
  }

  Result& operator=(const Error& error) noexcept {
    destroy();
    m_init = false;
    m_error = error;
    return *this;
  }

  Result& operator=(Error&& error) noexcept {
    destroy();
    m_init = false;
    m_error = error;
    return *this;
  }

  // clang-format off
        const T *operator->() const noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return &m_value;
        }

        T *operator->() noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return &m_value;
        }

        const T &operator*() const & noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return m_value;
        }

        T &operator*() & noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return m_value;
        }

        T &&operator*() && noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return std::move(m_value);
        }

        const T &value() const & noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return m_value;
        }

        T &value() & noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return m_value;
        }

        const T &&value() const && noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return std::move(m_value);
        }

        T &&value() && noexcept {
            assert (m_init);
            return std::move(m_value);
        }

        // std::error_code associated with the error
        std::error_code error() const {
            assert (!m_init);
            return m_error.type;
        }

        // optional VkResult that could of been produced due to the error
        VkResult vk_result() const {
            assert (!m_init);
            return m_error.vk_result;
        }

        // Returns the struct that holds the std::error_code and VkResult
        Error full_error() const {
            assert (!m_init);
            return m_error;
        }
  // clang-format on

  // check if the result has an error that matches a specific error case
  template <typename E>
  bool matches_error(E error_enum_value) const {
    return !m_init && static_cast<E>(m_error.type.value()) == error_enum_value;
  }

  bool has_value() const { return m_init; }

  explicit operator bool() const { return m_init; }

 private:
  void destroy() {
    if (m_init)
      m_value.~T();
  }

  union {
    T m_value;
    Error m_error;
  };
  bool m_init;
};

namespace detail {
struct GenericFeaturesPNextNode {
  static const uint32_t field_capacity = 256;

  GenericFeaturesPNextNode();

  template <typename T>
  GenericFeaturesPNextNode(T const& features) noexcept {
    memset(fields, UINT8_MAX, sizeof(VkBool32) * field_capacity);
    memcpy(this, &features, sizeof(T));
  }

  static bool match(GenericFeaturesPNextNode const& requested,
                    GenericFeaturesPNextNode const& supported) noexcept;

  VkStructureType sType = static_cast<VkStructureType>(0);
  void* pNext = nullptr;
  VkBool32 fields[field_capacity]{};
};

}  // namespace detail

enum class InstanceError {
  vulkan_unavailable,
  vulkan_version_unavailable,
  vulkan_version_1_1_unavailable,
  vulkan_version_1_2_unavailable,
  failed_create_instance,
  failed_create_debug_messenger,
  requested_layers_not_present,
  requested_extensions_not_present,
  windowing_extensions_not_present,
};
enum class PhysicalDeviceError {
  no_surface_provided,
  failed_enumerate_physical_devices,
  no_physical_devices_found,
  no_suitable_device,
};
enum class QueueError {
  present_unavailable,
  graphics_unavailable,
  compute_unavailable,
  transfer_unavailable,
  queue_index_out_of_range,
  invalid_queue_family_index
};
enum class DeviceError {
  failed_create_device,
};
enum class SwapchainError {
  surface_handle_not_provided,
  failed_query_surface_support_details,
  failed_create_swapchain,
  failed_get_swapchain_images,
  failed_create_swapchain_image_views,
  required_min_image_count_too_low,
};

std::error_code make_error_code(InstanceError instance_error);

std::error_code make_error_code(PhysicalDeviceError physical_device_error);

std::error_code make_error_code(QueueError queue_error);

std::error_code make_error_code(DeviceError device_error);

std::error_code make_error_code(SwapchainError swapchain_error);

const char* to_string_message_severity(
    VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT s);

const char* to_string_message_type(VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT s);

const char* to_string(InstanceError err);

const char* to_string(PhysicalDeviceError err);

const char* to_string(QueueError err);

const char* to_string(DeviceError err);

const char* to_string(SwapchainError err);

// Gathers useful information about the available vulkan capabilities, like
// layers and instance extensions. Use this for enabling features conditionally,
// ie if you would like an extension but can use a fallback if it isn't
// supported but need to know if support is available first.
struct SystemInfo {
 private:
  SystemInfo();

 public:
  // Use get_system_info to create a SystemInfo struct. This is because loading
  // vulkan could fail.
  static Result<SystemInfo> get_system_info();

  static Result<SystemInfo> get_system_info(
      PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr fp_vkGetInstanceProcAddr);

  // Returns true if a layer is available
  bool is_layer_available(const char* layer_name) const;

  // Returns true if an extension is available
  bool is_extension_available(const char* extension_name) const;

  std::vector<VkLayerProperties> available_layers;
  std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> available_extensions;
  bool validation_layers_available = false;
  bool debug_utils_available = false;
};

// Forward declared - check VkBoostrap.cpp for implementations
const char* to_string_message_severity(
    VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT s);

const char* to_string_message_type(VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT s);

// Default debug messenger
// Feel free to copy-paste it into your own code, change it as needed, then call
// `set_debug_callback()` to use that instead
inline VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL default_debug_callback(
    VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
    VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType,
    const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData,
    void*) {
  auto ms = to_string_message_severity(messageSeverity);
  auto mt = to_string_message_type(messageType);
  printf("[%s: %s]\n%s\n", ms, mt, pCallbackData->pMessage);

  return VK_FALSE;  // Applications must return false here
}

class InstanceBuilder;

class PhysicalDeviceSelector;

struct Instance {
  VkInstance instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debug_messenger = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  VkAllocationCallbacks* allocation_callbacks = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr fp_vkGetInstanceProcAddr = nullptr;
  PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr fp_vkGetDeviceProcAddr = nullptr;

  // A conversion function which allows this Instance to be used
  // in places where VkInstance would have been used.
  operator VkInstance() const;

 private:
  bool headless = false;
  bool supports_properties2_ext = false;
  uint32_t instance_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
  uint32_t api_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

  friend class InstanceBuilder;

  friend class PhysicalDeviceSelector;
};

void destroy_surface(Instance instance,
                     VkSurfaceKHR surface);  // release surface handle
void destroy_surface(
    VkInstance instance,
    VkSurfaceKHR surface,
    VkAllocationCallbacks* callbacks = nullptr);  // release surface handle
void destroy_instance(Instance instance);         // release instance resources

/* If headless mode is false, by default vk-bootstrap use the following logic to
enable the windowing extensions

#if defined(_WIN32)
    VK_KHR_win32_surface
#elif defined(__linux__)
    VK_KHR_xcb_surface
    VK_KHR_xlib_surface
    VK_KHR_wayland_surface
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
    VK_EXT_metal_surface
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
    VK_KHR_android_surface
#elif defined(_DIRECT2DISPLAY)
    VK_KHR_display
#endif

Use `InstanceBuilder::enable_extension()` to add new extensions without altering
the default behavior Feel free to make a PR or raise an issue to include
additional platforms.
*/

class InstanceBuilder {
 public:
  // Default constructor, will load vulkan.
  explicit InstanceBuilder();

  // Optional: Can use your own PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr
  explicit InstanceBuilder(PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr fp_vkGetInstanceProcAddr);

  // Create a VkInstance. Return an error if it failed.
  Result<Instance> build() const;

  // Sets the name of the application. Defaults to "" if none is provided.
  InstanceBuilder& set_app_name(const char* app_name);

  // Sets the name of the engine. Defaults to "" if none is provided.
  InstanceBuilder& set_engine_name(const char* engine_name);

  // Sets the version of the application.
  // Should be constructed with VK_MAKE_VERSION or VK_MAKE_API_VERSION.
  InstanceBuilder& set_app_version(uint32_t app_version);

  // Sets the (major, minor, patch) version of the application.
  InstanceBuilder& set_app_version(uint32_t major,
                                   uint32_t minor,
                                   uint32_t patch = 0);

  // Sets the version of the engine.
  // Should be constructed with VK_MAKE_VERSION or VK_MAKE_API_VERSION.
  InstanceBuilder& set_engine_version(uint32_t engine_version);

  // Sets the (major, minor, patch) version of the engine.
  InstanceBuilder& set_engine_version(uint32_t major,
                                      uint32_t minor,
                                      uint32_t patch = 0);

  // Require a vulkan API version. Will fail to create if this version isn't
  // available. Should be constructed with VK_MAKE_VERSION or
  // VK_MAKE_API_VERSION.
  InstanceBuilder& require_api_version(uint32_t required_api_version);

  // Require a vulkan API version. Will fail to create if this version isn't
  // available.
  InstanceBuilder& require_api_version(uint32_t major,
                                       uint32_t minor,
                                       uint32_t patch = 0);

  // Overrides required API version for instance creation. Will fail to create
  // if this version isn't available. Should be constructed with VK_MAKE_VERSION
  // or VK_MAKE_API_VERSION.
  InstanceBuilder& set_minimum_instance_version(
      uint32_t minimum_instance_version);

  // Overrides required API version for instance creation. Will fail to create
  // if this version isn't available.
  InstanceBuilder& set_minimum_instance_version(uint32_t major,
                                                uint32_t minor,
                                                uint32_t patch = 0);

  // Prefer a vulkan instance API version. If the desired version isn't
  // available, it will use the highest version available. Should be constructed
  // with VK_MAKE_VERSION or VK_MAKE_API_VERSION.
  [[deprecated(
      "Use require_api_version + set_minimum_instance_version "
      "instead.")]] InstanceBuilder&
  desire_api_version(uint32_t preferred_vulkan_version);

  // Prefer a vulkan instance API version. If the desired version isn't
  // available, it will use the highest version available.
  [[deprecated(
      "Use require_api_version + set_minimum_instance_version "
      "instead.")]] InstanceBuilder&
  desire_api_version(uint32_t major, uint32_t minor, uint32_t patch = 0);

  // Adds a layer to be enabled. Will fail to create an instance if the layer
  // isn't available.
  InstanceBuilder& enable_layer(const char* layer_name);

  // Adds an extension to be enabled. Will fail to create an instance if the
  // extension isn't available.
  InstanceBuilder& enable_extension(const char* extension_name);

  // Headless Mode does not load the required extensions for presentation.
  // Defaults to true.
  InstanceBuilder& set_headless(bool headless = true);

  // Enables the validation layers. Will fail to create an instance if the
  // validation layers aren't available.
  InstanceBuilder& enable_validation_layers(bool require_validation = true);

  // Checks if the validation layers are available and loads them if they are.
  InstanceBuilder& request_validation_layers(bool enable_validation = true);

  // Use a default debug callback that prints to standard out.
  InstanceBuilder& use_default_debug_messenger();

  // Provide a user defined debug callback.
  InstanceBuilder& set_debug_callback(
      PFN_vkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT callback);

  // Sets the void* to use in the debug messenger - only useful with a custom
  // callback
  InstanceBuilder& set_debug_callback_user_data_pointer(
      void* user_data_pointer);

  // Set what message severity is needed to trigger the callback.
  InstanceBuilder& set_debug_messenger_severity(
      VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT severity);

  // Add a message severity to the list that triggers the callback.
  InstanceBuilder& add_debug_messenger_severity(
      VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT severity);

  // Set what message type triggers the callback.
  InstanceBuilder& set_debug_messenger_type(
      VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type);

  // Add a message type to the list of that triggers the callback.
  InstanceBuilder& add_debug_messenger_type(
      VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type);

  // Disable some validation checks.
  // Checks: All, and Shaders
  InstanceBuilder& add_validation_disable(VkValidationCheckEXT check);

  // Enables optional parts of the validation layers.
  // Parts: best practices, gpu assisted, and gpu assisted reserve binding slot.
  InstanceBuilder& add_validation_feature_enable(
      VkValidationFeatureEnableEXT enable);

  // Disables sections of the validation layers.
  // Options: All, shaders, thread safety, api parameters, object lifetimes,
  // core checks, and unique handles.
  InstanceBuilder& add_validation_feature_disable(
      VkValidationFeatureDisableEXT disable);

  // Provide custom allocation callbacks.
  InstanceBuilder& set_allocation_callbacks(VkAllocationCallbacks* callbacks);

 private:
  struct InstanceInfo {
    // VkApplicationInfo
    const char* app_name = nullptr;
    const char* engine_name = nullptr;
    uint32_t application_version = 0;
    uint32_t engine_version = 0;
    uint32_t minimum_instance_version = 0;
    uint32_t required_api_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
    uint32_t desired_api_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

    // VkInstanceCreateInfo
    std::vector<const char*> layers;
    std::vector<const char*> extensions;
    VkInstanceCreateFlags flags = static_cast<VkInstanceCreateFlags>(0);
    std::vector<VkBaseOutStructure*> pNext_elements;

    // debug callback - use the default so it is not nullptr
    PFN_vkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT debug_callback =
        default_debug_callback;
    VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT debug_message_severity =
        VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT |
        VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
    VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT debug_message_type =
        VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT |
        VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT |
        VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
    void* debug_user_data_pointer = nullptr;

    // validation features
    std::vector<VkValidationCheckEXT> disabled_validation_checks;
    std::vector<VkValidationFeatureEnableEXT> enabled_validation_features;
    std::vector<VkValidationFeatureDisableEXT> disabled_validation_features;

    // Custom allocator
    VkAllocationCallbacks* allocation_callbacks = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

    bool request_validation_layers = false;
    bool enable_validation_layers = false;
    bool use_debug_messenger = false;
    bool headless_context = false;

    PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr fp_vkGetInstanceProcAddr = nullptr;
  } info;
};

VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL default_debug_callback(
    VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
    VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType,
    const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData,
    void* pUserData);

void destroy_debug_utils_messenger(
    VkInstance const instance,
    VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT const messenger,
    VkAllocationCallbacks* allocation_callbacks = nullptr);

// ---- Physical Device ---- //
class PhysicalDeviceSelector;

class DeviceBuilder;

struct PhysicalDevice {
  std::string name;
  VkPhysicalDevice physical_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  VkSurfaceKHR surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

  // Note that this reflects selected features carried over from required
  // features, not all features the physical device supports.
  VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features{};
  VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties{};
  VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memory_properties{};

  // Has a queue family that supports compute operations but not graphics nor
  // transfer.
  bool has_dedicated_compute_queue() const;

  // Has a queue family that supports transfer operations but not graphics nor
  // compute.
  bool has_dedicated_transfer_queue() const;

  // Has a queue family that supports transfer operations but not graphics.
  bool has_separate_compute_queue() const;

  // Has a queue family that supports transfer operations but not graphics.
  bool has_separate_transfer_queue() const;

  // Advanced: Get the VkQueueFamilyProperties of the device if special queue
  // setup is needed
  std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> get_queue_families() const;

  // Query the list of extensions which should be enabled
  std::vector<std::string> get_extensions() const;

  // A conversion function which allows this PhysicalDevice to be used
  // in places where VkPhysicalDevice would have been used.
  operator VkPhysicalDevice() const;

 private:
  uint32_t instance_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
  std::vector<std::string> extensions;
  std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queue_families;
  std::vector<detail::GenericFeaturesPNextNode> extended_features_chain;
#if defined(VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_1)
  VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 features2{};
#else
  VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR features2{};
#endif
  bool defer_surface_initialization = false;
  enum class Suitable { yes, partial, no };
  Suitable suitable = Suitable::yes;

  friend class PhysicalDeviceSelector;

  friend class DeviceBuilder;
};

enum class PreferredDeviceType {
  other = 0,
  integrated = 1,
  discrete = 2,
  virtual_gpu = 3,
  cpu = 4
};

enum class DeviceSelectionMode {
  // return all suitable and partially suitable devices
  partially_and_fully_suitable,
  // return only physical devices which are fully suitable
  only_fully_suitable
};

// Enumerates the physical devices on the system, and based on the added
// criteria, returns a physical device or list of physical devies A device is
// considered suitable if it meets all the 'required' and 'desired' criteria. A
// device is considered partially suitable if it meets only the 'required'
// criteria.
class PhysicalDeviceSelector {
 public:
  // Requires a vkb::Instance to construct, needed to pass instance creation
  // info.
  explicit PhysicalDeviceSelector(Instance const& instance);

  // Requires a vkb::Instance to construct, needed to pass instance creation
  // info, optionally specify the surface here
  explicit PhysicalDeviceSelector(Instance const& instance,
                                  VkSurfaceKHR surface);

  // Return the first device which is suitable
  // use the `selection` parameter to configure if partially
  Result<PhysicalDevice> select(
      DeviceSelectionMode selection =
          DeviceSelectionMode::partially_and_fully_suitable) const;

  // Return all devices which are considered suitable - intended for
  // applications which want to let the user pick the physical device
  Result<std::vector<PhysicalDevice>> select_devices(
      DeviceSelectionMode selection =
          DeviceSelectionMode::partially_and_fully_suitable) const;

  // Return the names of all devices which are considered suitable - intended
  // for applications which want to let the user pick the physical device
  Result<std::vector<std::string>> select_device_names(
      DeviceSelectionMode selection =
          DeviceSelectionMode::partially_and_fully_suitable) const;

  // Set the surface in which the physical device should render to.
  // Be sure to set it if swapchain functionality is to be used.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& set_surface(VkSurfaceKHR surface);

  // Set the name of the device to select.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& set_name(std::string const& name);

  // Set the desired physical device type to select. Defaults to
  // PreferredDeviceType::discrete.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& prefer_gpu_device_type(
      PreferredDeviceType type = PreferredDeviceType::discrete);

  // Allow selection of a gpu device type that isn't the preferred physical
  // device type. Defaults to true.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& allow_any_gpu_device_type(bool allow_any_type = true);

  // Require that a physical device supports presentation. Defaults to true.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& require_present(bool require = true);

  // Require a queue family that supports compute operations but not graphics
  // nor transfer.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& require_dedicated_compute_queue();

  // Require a queue family that supports transfer operations but not graphics
  // nor compute.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& require_dedicated_transfer_queue();

  // Require a queue family that supports compute operations but not graphics.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& require_separate_compute_queue();

  // Require a queue family that supports transfer operations but not graphics.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& require_separate_transfer_queue();

  // Require a memory heap from VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT with `size`
  // memory available.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& required_device_memory_size(VkDeviceSize size);

  // Prefer a memory heap from VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT with `size`
  // memory available.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& desired_device_memory_size(VkDeviceSize size);

  // Require a physical device which supports a specific extension.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& add_required_extension(const char* extension);

  // Require a physical device which supports a set of extensions.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& add_required_extensions(
      std::vector<const char*> extensions);

  // Prefer a physical device which supports a specific extension.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& add_desired_extension(const char* extension);

  // Prefer a physical device which supports a set of extensions.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& add_desired_extensions(
      std::vector<const char*> extensions);

  // Prefer a physical device that supports a (major, minor) version of vulkan.
  [[deprecated(
      "Use set_minimum_version + "
      "InstanceBuilder::require_api_version.")]] PhysicalDeviceSelector&
  set_desired_version(uint32_t major, uint32_t minor);

  // Require a physical device that supports a (major, minor) version of vulkan.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& set_minimum_version(uint32_t major, uint32_t minor);

  // By default PhysicalDeviceSelector enables the portability subset if
  // available This function disables that behavior
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& disable_portability_subset();

  // Require a physical device which supports a specific set of
  // general/extension features.
#if defined(VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_1)

  template <typename T>
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& add_required_extension_features(T const& features) {
    criteria.extended_features_chain.push_back(features);
    return *this;
  }

#endif

  // Require a physical device which supports the features in
  // VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& set_required_features(
      VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures const& features);

#if defined(VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_2)

  // Require a physical device which supports the features in
  // VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features. Must have vulkan version 1.2 - This is
  // due to the VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features struct being added in 1.2,
  // not 1.1
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& set_required_features_11(
      VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features features_11);

  // Require a physical device which supports the features in
  // VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features. Must have vulkan version 1.2
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& set_required_features_12(
      VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features features_12);

#endif
#if defined(VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_3)

  // Require a physical device which supports the features in
  // VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features. Must have vulkan version 1.3
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& set_required_features_13(
      VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features features_13);

#endif

  // Used when surface creation happens after physical device selection.
  // Warning: This disables checking if the physical device supports a given
  // surface.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& defer_surface_initialization();

  // Ignore all criteria and choose the first physical device that is available.
  // Only use when: The first gpu in the list may be set by global user
  // preferences and an application may wish to respect it.
  PhysicalDeviceSelector& select_first_device_unconditionally(
      bool unconditionally = true);

 private:
  struct InstanceInfo {
    VkInstance instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkSurfaceKHR surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    uint32_t version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
    bool headless = false;
    bool supports_properties2_ext = false;
  } instance_info;

  // We copy the extension features stored in the selector criteria under the
  // prose of a "template" to ensure that after fetching everything is compared
  // 1:1 during a match.

  struct SelectionCriteria {
    std::string name;
    PreferredDeviceType preferred_type = PreferredDeviceType::discrete;
    bool allow_any_type = true;
    bool require_present = true;
    bool require_dedicated_transfer_queue = false;
    bool require_dedicated_compute_queue = false;
    bool require_separate_transfer_queue = false;
    bool require_separate_compute_queue = false;
    VkDeviceSize required_mem_size = 0;
    VkDeviceSize desired_mem_size = 0;

    std::vector<std::string> required_extensions;
    std::vector<std::string> desired_extensions;

    uint32_t required_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
    uint32_t desired_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures required_features{};
#if defined(VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_1)
    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 required_features2{};
    std::vector<detail::GenericFeaturesPNextNode> extended_features_chain;
#endif
    bool defer_surface_initialization = false;
    bool use_first_gpu_unconditionally = false;
    bool enable_portability_subset = true;
  } criteria;

  PhysicalDevice populate_device_details(
      VkPhysicalDevice phys_device,
      std::vector<detail::GenericFeaturesPNextNode> const&
          src_extended_features_chain) const;

  PhysicalDevice::Suitable is_device_suitable(
      PhysicalDevice const& phys_device) const;

  Result<std::vector<PhysicalDevice>> select_impl(
      DeviceSelectionMode selection) const;
};

// ---- Queue ---- //
enum class QueueType { present, graphics, compute, transfer };

namespace detail {
// Sentinel value, used in implementation only
const uint32_t QUEUE_INDEX_MAX_VALUE = 65536;
}  // namespace detail

// ---- Device ---- //

struct Device {
  VkDevice device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  PhysicalDevice physical_device;
  VkSurfaceKHR surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queue_families;
  VkAllocationCallbacks* allocation_callbacks = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr fp_vkGetDeviceProcAddr = nullptr;
  uint32_t instance_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

  Result<uint32_t> get_queue_index(QueueType type) const;

  // Only a compute or transfer queue type is valid. All other queue types do
  // not support a 'dedicated' queue index
  Result<uint32_t> get_dedicated_queue_index(QueueType type) const;

  Result<VkQueue> get_queue(QueueType type) const;

  // Only a compute or transfer queue type is valid. All other queue types do
  // not support a 'dedicated' queue
  Result<VkQueue> get_dedicated_queue(QueueType type) const;

  // Return a loaded dispatch table
  DispatchTable make_table() const;

  // A conversion function which allows this Device to be used
  // in places where VkDevice would have been used.
  operator VkDevice() const;

 private:
  struct {
    PFN_vkGetDeviceQueue fp_vkGetDeviceQueue = nullptr;
    PFN_vkDestroyDevice fp_vkDestroyDevice = nullptr;
  } internal_table;

  friend class DeviceBuilder;

  friend void destroy_device(Device device);
};

// For advanced device queue setup
struct CustomQueueDescription {
  explicit CustomQueueDescription(uint32_t index,
                                  uint32_t count,
                                  std::vector<float> priorities);

  uint32_t index = 0;
  uint32_t count = 0;
  std::vector<float> priorities;
};

void destroy_device(Device device);

class DeviceBuilder {
 public:
  // Any features and extensions that are requested/required in
  // PhysicalDeviceSelector are automatically enabled.
  explicit DeviceBuilder(PhysicalDevice physical_device);

  Result<Device> build() const;

  // For Advanced Users: specify the exact list of VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo's
  // needed for the application. If a custom queue setup is provided, getting
  // the queues and queue indexes is up to the application.
  DeviceBuilder& custom_queue_setup(
      std::vector<CustomQueueDescription> queue_descriptions);

  // Add a structure to the pNext chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo.
  // The structure must be valid when DeviceBuilder::build() is called.
  template <typename T>
  DeviceBuilder& add_pNext(T* structure) {
    info.pNext_chain.push_back(
        reinterpret_cast<VkBaseOutStructure*>(structure));
    return *this;
  }

  // Provide custom allocation callbacks.
  DeviceBuilder& set_allocation_callbacks(VkAllocationCallbacks* callbacks);

 private:
  PhysicalDevice physical_device;
  struct DeviceInfo {
    VkDeviceCreateFlags flags = static_cast<VkDeviceCreateFlags>(0);
    std::vector<VkBaseOutStructure*> pNext_chain;
    std::vector<CustomQueueDescription> queue_descriptions;
    VkAllocationCallbacks* allocation_callbacks = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  } info;
};

// ---- Swapchain ---- //
struct Swapchain {
  VkDevice device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  VkSwapchainKHR swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  uint32_t image_count = 0;
  VkFormat image_format =
      VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;  // The image format actually used when creating the
  // swapchain.
  VkColorSpaceKHR color_space =
      VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR;  // The color space actually used when
  // creating the swapchain.
  VkImageUsageFlags image_usage_flags = 0;
  VkExtent2D extent = {0, 0};
  // The value of minImageCount actually used when creating the swapchain; note
  // that the presentation engine is always free to create more images than
  // that.
  uint32_t requested_min_image_count = 0;
  VkPresentModeKHR present_mode =
      VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR;  // The present mode actually used when
  // creating the swapchain.
  uint32_t instance_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
  VkAllocationCallbacks* allocation_callbacks = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

  // Returns a vector of VkImage handles to the swapchain.
  Result<std::vector<VkImage>> get_images();

  // Returns a vector of VkImageView's to the VkImage's of the swapchain.
  // VkImageViews must be destroyed.  The pNext chain must be a nullptr or a
  // valid structure.
  Result<std::vector<VkImageView>> get_image_views();

  Result<std::vector<VkImageView>> get_image_views(const void* pNext);

  void destroy_image_views(std::vector<VkImageView> const& image_views);

  // A conversion function which allows this Swapchain to be used
  // in places where VkSwapchainKHR would have been used.
  operator VkSwapchainKHR() const;

 private:
  struct {
    PFN_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR fp_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR = nullptr;
    PFN_vkCreateImageView fp_vkCreateImageView = nullptr;
    PFN_vkDestroyImageView fp_vkDestroyImageView = nullptr;
    PFN_vkDestroySwapchainKHR fp_vkDestroySwapchainKHR = nullptr;
  } internal_table;

  friend class SwapchainBuilder;

  friend void destroy_swapchain(Swapchain const& swapchain);
};

void destroy_swapchain(Swapchain const& swapchain);

class SwapchainBuilder {
 public:
  // Construct a SwapchainBuilder with a `vkb::Device`
  explicit SwapchainBuilder(Device const& device);

  // Construct a SwapchainBuilder with a specific VkSurfaceKHR handle and
  // `vkb::Device`
  explicit SwapchainBuilder(Device const& device, VkSurfaceKHR const surface);

  // Construct a SwapchainBuilder with Vulkan handles for the physical device,
  // device, and surface Optionally can provide the uint32_t indices for the
  // graphics and present queue Note: The constructor will query the graphics &
  // present queue if the indices are not provided
  explicit SwapchainBuilder(
      VkPhysicalDevice const physical_device,
      VkDevice const device,
      VkSurfaceKHR const surface,
      uint32_t graphics_queue_index = detail::QUEUE_INDEX_MAX_VALUE,
      uint32_t present_queue_index = detail::QUEUE_INDEX_MAX_VALUE);

  Result<Swapchain> build() const;

  // Set the oldSwapchain member of VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR.
  // For use in rebuilding a swapchain.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_old_swapchain(VkSwapchainKHR old_swapchain);

  SwapchainBuilder& set_old_swapchain(Swapchain const& swapchain);

  // Desired size of the swapchain. By default, the swapchain will use the size
  // of the window being drawn to.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_desired_extent(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);

  // When determining the surface format, make this the first to be used if
  // supported.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_desired_format(VkSurfaceFormatKHR format);

  // Add this swapchain format to the end of the list of formats selected from.
  SwapchainBuilder& add_fallback_format(VkSurfaceFormatKHR format);

  // Use the default swapchain formats. This is done if no formats are provided.
  // Default surface format is {VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB,
  // VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR}
  SwapchainBuilder& use_default_format_selection();

  // When determining the present mode, make this the first to be used if
  // supported.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_desired_present_mode(VkPresentModeKHR present_mode);

  // Add this present mode to the end of the list of present modes selected
  // from.
  SwapchainBuilder& add_fallback_present_mode(VkPresentModeKHR present_mode);

  // Use the default presentation mode. This is done if no present modes are
  // provided. Default present modes: VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR with fallback
  // VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR
  SwapchainBuilder& use_default_present_mode_selection();

  // Set the bitmask of the image usage for acquired swapchain images.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_image_usage_flags(VkImageUsageFlags usage_flags);

  // Add a image usage to the bitmask for acquired swapchain images.
  SwapchainBuilder& add_image_usage_flags(VkImageUsageFlags usage_flags);

  // Use the default image usage bitmask values. This is the default if no image
  // usages are provided. The default is VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT
  SwapchainBuilder& use_default_image_usage_flags();

  // Set the bitmask of the format feature flag for acquired swapchain images.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_format_feature_flags(
      VkFormatFeatureFlags feature_flags);

  // Add a format feature to the bitmask for acquired swapchain images.
  SwapchainBuilder& add_format_feature_flags(
      VkFormatFeatureFlags feature_flags);

  // Use the default format feature bitmask values. This is the default if no
  // format features are provided. The default is
  // VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT
  SwapchainBuilder& use_default_format_feature_flags();

  // Set the number of views in for multiview/stereo surface
  SwapchainBuilder& set_image_array_layer_count(uint32_t array_layer_count);

  // Convenient named constants for passing to set_desired_min_image_count().
  // Note that it is not an `enum class`, so its constants can be passed as an
  // integer value without casting In other words, these might as well be
  // `static const int`, but they benefit from being grouped together this way.
  enum BufferMode {
    SINGLE_BUFFERING = 1,
    DOUBLE_BUFFERING = 2,
    TRIPLE_BUFFERING = 3,
  };

  // Sets the desired minimum image count for the swapchain.
  // Note that the presentation engine is always free to create more images than
  // requested. You may pass one of the values specified in the BufferMode enum,
  // or any integer value. For instance, if you pass DOUBLE_BUFFERING, the
  // presentation engine is allowed to give you a double buffering setup, triple
  // buffering, or more. This is up to the drivers.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_desired_min_image_count(uint32_t min_image_count);

  // Sets a required minimum image count for the swapchain.
  // If the surface capabilities cannot allow it, building the swapchain will
  // result in the `SwapchainError::required_min_image_count_too_low` error.
  // Otherwise, the same observations from set_desired_min_image_count() apply.
  // A value of 0 is specially interpreted as meaning "no requirement", and is
  // the behavior by default.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_required_min_image_count(
      uint32_t required_min_image_count);

  // Set whether the Vulkan implementation is allowed to discard rendering
  // operations that affect regions of the surface that are not visible. Default
  // is true. Note: Applications should use the default of true if they do not
  // expect to read back the content of presentable images before presenting
  // them or after reacquiring them, and if their fragment shaders do not have
  // any side effects that require them to run for all pixels in the presentable
  // image.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_clipped(bool clipped = true);

  // Set the VkSwapchainCreateFlagBitsKHR.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_create_flags(VkSwapchainCreateFlagBitsKHR create_flags);

  // Set the transform to be applied, like a 90 degree rotation. Default is no
  // transform.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_pre_transform_flags(
      VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR pre_transform_flags);

  // Set the alpha channel to be used with other windows in on the system.
  // Default is VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_composite_alpha_flags(
      VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR composite_alpha_flags);

  // Add a structure to the pNext chain of VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR.
  // The structure must be valid when SwapchainBuilder::build() is called.
  template <typename T>
  SwapchainBuilder& add_pNext(T* structure) {
    info.pNext_chain.push_back(
        reinterpret_cast<VkBaseOutStructure*>(structure));
    return *this;
  }

  // Provide custom allocation callbacks.
  SwapchainBuilder& set_allocation_callbacks(VkAllocationCallbacks* callbacks);

 private:
  void add_desired_formats(std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& formats) const;

  void add_desired_present_modes(std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& modes) const;

  struct SwapchainInfo {
    VkPhysicalDevice physical_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkDevice device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    std::vector<VkBaseOutStructure*> pNext_chain;
    VkSwapchainCreateFlagBitsKHR create_flags =
        static_cast<VkSwapchainCreateFlagBitsKHR>(0);
    VkSurfaceKHR surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> desired_formats;
    uint32_t instance_version = VKB_VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
    uint32_t desired_width = 256;
    uint32_t desired_height = 256;
    uint32_t array_layer_count = 1;
    uint32_t min_image_count = 0;
    uint32_t required_min_image_count = 0;
    VkImageUsageFlags image_usage_flags = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
    VkFormatFeatureFlags format_feature_flags =
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT;
    uint32_t graphics_queue_index = 0;
    uint32_t present_queue_index = 0;
    VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR pre_transform =
        static_cast<VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR>(0);
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
    VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR composite_alpha =
        VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR;
#else
    VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR composite_alpha =
        VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
#endif
    std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> desired_present_modes;
    bool clipped = true;
    VkSwapchainKHR old_swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkAllocationCallbacks* allocation_callbacks = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  } info;
};

}  // namespace vkb

namespace std {
template <>
struct is_error_code_enum<vkb::InstanceError> : true_type {};
template <>
struct is_error_code_enum<vkb::PhysicalDeviceError> : true_type {};
template <>
struct is_error_code_enum<vkb::QueueError> : true_type {};
template <>
struct is_error_code_enum<vkb::DeviceError> : true_type {};
template <>
struct is_error_code_enum<vkb::SwapchainError> : true_type {};
}  // namespace std